Ethics Utilitarianism Essay - 805 Words

The theory behind utilitarianism is that one’s actions are right if it promotes happiness or pleasure and wrong if it does not promote happiness or pleasure. The main point to this theory is the principle of utility that states â€Å"according to which actions should be chosen that bring about the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people.† (Palmer) Jeremy Bentham gave essentially utilitarianism its name and brought more attention to it than those before him. Bentham came up with a guide named the calculus of felicity that included seven categories for choosing among different possible activities to promote one’s happiness or pleasures. John Stuart Mills, also an utilitarian, added to Bentham’s calculus because he did†¦show more content†¦The â€Å"higher† desires are the ones dealing with quality. Mills’ theory suggests that the lower quality pleasures are those of the body and the pleasures of the mind are the higher quality pleasures. Mills thought higher of the pleasures of intellect than that of pleasing our bodies. An example of this is giving someone a choice of having the price of beer reduced or continue paying to keep teachings of Shakespeare in schools. I believe Mills’ concern was that some people would most likely choose taking a price reduction in beer over Shakespeare. This would not be Mills’ choice and he would think this as humans satisfying his or her lower quality pleasures. Williams believes that utilitarianism decisions are not based on any kind of moral ground and looks out for one’s self interest only. Williams believes in a deeper meaning to things based on morals for not only oneself but of others also. Williams gives a story in his writing of a man named George. George has been offered a job in a laboratory in which the research is in chemical and biological warfare. George refuses the job because he is opposed to biological nd ch emical warfare. The man offering the job doesn’t understand George’s decision because George has a wife and kids at home to support. The utilitarianist would agree that George should take the job. I believe Williams’ problem with this is the bigger picture that George is opposed to what the company stands for and theShow MoreRelatedUtilitarianism And Deontological Ethics : Utilitarianism3422 Words   |  14 Pages UTILITARIANISM AND DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICS 13 Utilitarianism and Deontological Ethics Christopher Kearney Student ID 4697583 American Public University System (AMU) Dr. Robert Watkins September 21,2017 Abstract Usefulness and duty are two of the primary drivers that cause people to take action or not. Usefulness of an action means that the society receives the greatest amount of benefits from the action (or actions) of an individual(s). On the otherRead MoreDuty Ethics Vs. Utilitarianism1441 Words   |  6 Pages Duty Ethics vs. Utilitarianism The two ethical theories I will discuss are from the works of Jeremy Bentham (utilitarianism), and Immanuel Kant (duty-ethics). These philosophers outlined two different theories of moralphilosophy. Bentham utilitarian theory focus on the moral rightness. His belief is that everyoneshould perform that act which will bring about the greatest amount of good over bad for everyone affected in any given situation. Kant’s theory and my personal preference ofRead MoreVirtue Ethics Vs Utilitarianism1921 Words   |  8 PagesVirtue Ethics versus Utilitarianism Ethics What is ethics? Ethics is how one acts and is based on what a person feels is morally wrong (Ethics, 2017). Since everyone has their own basis of what is right and wrong, ethics is hard to describe. What one person deems as unethical another person may not see it that way. Each person has an innate feeling that they follow regarding what they consider to be honest, true, and worthy to fight for. Ethics does not involve a specific law that is broken; onlyRead MoreOn Utilitarianism and Kantian Ethics 1681 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction There is little doubt that Utilitarianism and Kantian Ethics are by far the two most important ethical theories throughout contemporary philosophy. Though both attempt to answer questions about morality and behavior, the two theories have many fundamental differences: one evaluates actions in terms of the utility they produce whereas the other considers whether actions fulfill duty; one emphasizes consequence where the other highlights intentions; one sees desire as essential whileRead MoreUtilitarianism ( Utilitarian Ethics )846 Words   |  4 Pages1. The ethical system I chose for this assignment is utilitarianism (utilitarian ethics). 2. Utilitarianism can be defined as a moral principle which justifies as morally right any action that results in the greatest good for greatest number of people. According to utilitarianism, the â€Å"greatest good† is happiness of the greatest number of people in the society. As long as our actions produce maximum benefits or pleasure for everyone, we shouldn’t care if the benefits are results of lies, manipulationsRead MoreUtilitarianism and Aristotelian Ethics1826 Words   |  8 PagesUtilitarianism and Aristotelian Ethics John Stuart Mill and Aristotle are two of the most notable philosophers in history to date. Between Mill’s Utilitarianism and Aristotle’s virtue ethics you can see a large portion our cultures ethics today. Their philosophies are apparent in contemporary everyday life. Aristotle has written several pieces on virtue and friendship. The two most notable works being the Magna Moralia and the Eudemian Ethics. However, his Nicomachean Ethics were by far theRead MoreCompare and Contrast Utilitarianism with Christian Ethics810 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and Contrast Utilitarianism with Christian Ethics The ethical teachings and values of utilitarianism and Christian ethics are similar in some aspects, yet however are diverse in others. Utilitarianism is a generally teleological ethical system, where the outcome is said to justify the act. The act is considered ‘good’ if it brings about the greatest good for the greatest number. Christian Ethics, however, can be quite different. Many aspects of its ethics are deontological, for exampleRead MoreCorporate Welfare And Utilitarianism : Utilitarianism And Kantian Ethics914 Words   |  4 PagesCorporate Welfare and Utilitarianism Case one proclaims that the American economy is failing millions of Americans. In today’s day in age, having a full time job does not guarantee an income above the poverty line. Currently, there are â€Å"80 government assistance programs† which provide working families the means to survive. It is important to note that these programs cost $153 billion annually, and these costs are covered by the government from the tax revenue they receive from hard working AmericansRead MoreEthics, Utilitarianism, Deontology, And Virtue Ethics1415 Words   |  6 PagesIn South Park, South Park illustrates normative ethics in society and people. The characters and scenarios are well scripted to categorize the three main theories of normative ethics; utilitarianism, deontology and virtue ethics. The show constantly displays the universal mindsets of multiple people within various situations and how one effects the other and the world. Majority of these scenarios, virtue ethics brings about the best results for those within the South Park community and the main charactersRead MoreThe Ethics, Utilitarianism And Deontology1891 Words   |  8 Pagesgoing to using my class notes and hand outs to describe what ethics, utilitarianism and deontology is. I will then be explaining the arguments between organ donation and transplantation. Lastly I will be identifying the rights of individual patients the responsibilities they have. 1.1 Ethics are moral principles that affect how people make decisions and live their lives. Ethics focuses on what is the good for individuals and society. Ethics are involved in how to live a good life, our rights and responsibilities

The Personality of Scrooge Essay example - 1341 Words

Ebenezer Scrooge is the major character in the story, A Christmas Carol written by Charles Dickens. A Christmas Carol is about how a â€Å"cold-hearted, tight fisted, selfish† money grabbing man is offered an opportunity of a life time, to change his behaviour, attitude... to have a second chance in life. The theme of this novella is to look at the good you do in life and how it carries over after your death. The moral of the book is; People can make changes in their lives whenever they really want to, even right up to the end. In this essay I am going to distinguish the personality of Scrooge also show you how he was at the beginning of the novella in the 1st Stave to how he changes at the end in the 5th Stave. The title to the novella†¦show more content†¦Also, Dickens describes Ebenezer Scrooge as a cold-hearted, tight fisted, selfish man who despises Christmas and all things that incite happiness. In addition, the words have a rhythm, they all have three syllables. The title of this book is A Christmas Carol. A Carol is a hymn, the three descriptive words is representing a carol so this refers back to the title. A quote from the book is The cold within him froze his old features, nipped his pointed nose, made his eyes red. Dickens portrays Scrooges characteristics like the wintry weather conditions. This illustrates the readers what kind of personality Scrooge has, to me it’s like Dickens is describing Scrooge like Jack Frost (from the Santa Claus 3 film). He is truly mean at the beginning but at the conclusion of his experience he changes to a nice man. Although Dickens describes Scrooge as a mean, rude man, it’s like Dickens is teaching us the viewers a lesson t hat everyone has a different side of them it just takes hard work to transform them. Squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching these words portray Scrooge and how he acts upon things and how his actions and behaviour effects people around him. The repeating, rhythmic hard consonant sounds which have a negative effect on Scrooge shows the readers that he is a vile, wealthy man. Also the words are really strong its like a claw, he has clutched on a bad, mean area of life and he cant let go and until he lets go he is going to stayShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Personality of Scrooge1338 Words   |  6 PagesEbenezer Scrooge is the major character in the story, A Christmas Carol written by Charles Dickens. A Christmas Carol is about how a â€Å"cold-hearted, tight fisted, selfish† money grabbing man is offered an opportunity of a life time, to change his behaviour, attitude... to have a second chance in life. The theme of this novella is to look at the good you do in life and how it carries over after your death. The moral of the book is; People can make changes in their lives whenever they really wantRead MoreHow Does The Author Use Language From Present Scrooge s Unpleasant Personality?1376 Words   |  6 PagesHow does the author use language to present Scrooge s unpleasant personality? Charles dickens uses insults to portray Scrooge s unpleasant personality. This can be alluded from Stave 1 in the novel where Scrooge can be seen snubbing the charity workers who came seeking for a donation. If they would rather die, [...] they had better do it, and decrease the surplus population., such insult allows the reader to comprehend that Scrooge is nothing more than a greedy man who solely believes that theRead More Scrooge in A Christmas Carol By Charles Dickens Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesA Christmas Carol By Charles Dickens Scrooge is represented from the beginning as a miserable old man being described as a squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous, old sinner! I think this a perfect description of him in one sentence. People know Scrooge well and avoid him, this suites Scrooge because he does not like other people and not a big fan of being sociable. The name Scrooge was created by Dickens and is now well known in the dictionaryRead MoreScrooges Transformation in Dickens A Christmas Carol Essay1319 Words   |  6 PagesEbenezer Scrooge is the major character in the story, A Christmas Carol written by Charles Dickens. A Christmas Carol is about how a â€Å"cold-hearted, tight fisted, selfish† money grabbing man is offered an opportunity of a life time, to change his behaviour, attitude... to have a second chance in life. The theme of this novel is to look at the good you do in life and how it carries over after your death. The moral of the book is; People can make changes in their lives whenever they really want toRead MoreRhetorical Devices In Scrooge1213 Words   |  5 Pageswriter is shocked by what he is about to say. This is how he starts his diatribe of defining Scrooge’s demeanour, with intent to surprise the reader. The exclamation mark draws the reader’s attention to the description that follows. Dickens calls Scrooge ‘a squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, old sinner!’ the use of this alliteration shows the reader how overwhelmingly bad Scrooge’s character is. Each adjective is also linked with the hands. This could suggest that he holds tightlyRead MoreA Christmas Carol By Charles Dickens1331 Words   |  6 PagesPeriod three Scrooge Changes In the story, A Christmas Carol, by Charles Dickens, Scrooge is the main character. In the beginning of the story, he is shown as an old miser counting and gripping his money in the counting house. Later on, Scrooge’s dead business partner, Marley, has visited Scrooge from the grave while being bounded in chains to warn Scrooge to change his ways or suffer the same fate. Soon, three ghosts are sent to visit Scrooge to show him scenes that would help Scrooge learn and changeRead MoreThe Amazing Transformation of Ebenezer Scrooge in A Christmas Carol669 Words   |  3 Pagesin A Christmas Carol after Ebenezer Scrooge is taken on a remarkable journey through time. Although A Christmas Carol was written in the 17th century, its messages and themes stay alive today. Scrooge started changing his personality and life-style throughout the novella. In A Christmas Carol Scrooge changed from being a money-pinching grouch to a kind-hearted man, he redeemed himself through freewill and life changing memories. After Marley visited Scrooge, The Ghost of Christmas Past soaredRead MoreA Christmas Carol854 Words   |  4 Pageswe are presented with Scrooge. From the beginning Scrooge is presented as a miser. In the extract we find out that he is an old, rude and ignorant man that doesn’t appreciate others around him. Dickens uses different language techniques to describe Scrooges appearance as clear as possible. In the opening paragraph Dickens uses imagery to create a vivid impression of Scrooge. He is described as ‘a tight-fisted hand at the grind-stone’, and this metaphor suggests that Scrooge works hard for his moneyRead MoreCharles Dickens A Christmas Carol1316 Words   |  6 PagesCharles Dickens’ A Christmas Carol, Ebenezer Scrooge is a character that is effortlessly described as a hardheaded cold man. It is simple to judge the character of Scrooge in this manner, but it is important to recognize the change in his personality throughout the story. Scrooge’s transformation happens very quickly, but he becomes generous and caring only when he is forced to see himself through a stranger’s eyes. By the visitations of three spirits, Scrooge realizes the harsh and ungenerous man thatRead MoreA Christmas Carol Text Response861 Words   |  4 Pagescompassion towards others. This is portrayed through the journey and transformation of the novella’s p rotagonist, Ebenezer Scrooge. Ebenezer Scrooge is a misanthropic moneylender who is introduced as an extremely self-absorbed man with a callous attitude towards poverty. Relatively well-off, Scrooge demonstrates his refusal to assist those nine need and his egotistical personality seems to be the focal point throughout the first stave. This is portrayed through Scrooge’s reaction towards the ‘portly

Philosophy The Ethics of Human Cloning Free Essays

In order to make a fully justified decision on whether human cloning is ethical or not, one must be exposed to the background of the subject. To start, a clone is an exact replica of an organism, cell, or gene. The process itself is done asexually with the use of a cell from the original human. We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy: The Ethics of Human Cloning or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is then placed inside a female capable of bearing a child and is then born as a clone. Along with this comes questions of whether or not it is right to clone a human being based on different facts and opinions of small groups or communities(Dudley 11). The technology of cloning is not quite developed enough for a doctor to be certain that an experiment will be successful. In Scotland, the first sheep was cloned and was named Dolly. It took over 250 tries before they were successful in creating the clone. When news of this reached America, immediately polls showed that ninety percent of Americans were against the idea of cloning humans. Those who support cloning research replied by saying the public based their opinions on fallacies of the news media and, therefore, could not comprehend the whole picture(Farnsworth). Those in favor of cloning might say it can push forward medical research. For example, with cloning technology it may be possible to learn how to replace old cells with new ones. This could lead to a longer life for each individual. Also, with enough research scientists could create clones to act as donors. Some scientists say that human cloning may eventually reverse heart attacks. This accomplishment would take place by injecting healthy heart cells into damaged heart tissue. In addition, cloning could help improve family life. For example, if a couple lost a hild they loved dearly and could not reproduce naturally, cloning that child could be an alternative. In this way, the parents would have the chance to love the clone just as much as the original child. On the other hand, those against cloning would say that it is wrong for a doctor to harm a clone. If this were allowed, eventually we would compromise the individual. Clones would become second-class citizens. Cloning strips humanity from natural reproduction by leaving a clone with only one parent. In addition, there would be a decline in genetic diversity. In ther words, if some day we all have the same genetic makeup and lose the technology of cloning, we would have to resort back to natural reproduction. This would cause problems because it has the same effect as inbreeding. In the same way, clones would feel like they had lost their individuality. For example, their genetic makeup would be known. Also, there could be negative psychological effects that will impact the family and society. For instance, if a clone finds out that s/he has no biological father it may suppress the clone’s feeling of equality among other naturally born people. Also, there is a chance that the mother or the clone may become sterile. Among all of these there are too many risks for the bearing mothers and embryos. Eventually, it would turn into a routine to destroy human embryos in the process of cloning(†The Ethics of Cloning†). According to Latter-Day Saints, cloning does not respect the fact that humans have souls and it robs clones of their humanity. God intended the power to create humans to be practiced between a man and a woman in the boundaries of marriage. Do otherwise is taking the work of God into your own hands. This means that humans lack the authority to make ecisions about creating or destroying a life. In addition, humans do not have enough knowledge or power to control outcomes of certain events (Dudley 56). However, others believe religion has no place in the debate. They argue, interpreters of the Bible can not agree on what actions God would allow to be done with justified means. In addition, the Koran or the Bible have limits to their validity because they do not address specific issues that need to be answered(Dudley 66). After analyzing the situation, Aristotle would say that human cloning is unethical because bad means are used. For instance, it took scientists 277 tries to create the first cloned sheep. This means that there were hundreds of deformities before the successful specimen was created. In the same way, deformities of humans would be a result of experimentation, which would decrease the quality of life for those specific clones. And, even if we found a cure for a disease, let’s say cancer, it would be reaching a good end through bad means. On the other hand, Kant would say that human cloning is ethical in that the number of people who benefit from it outweighs the number of people who suffer from it. For example, cloning could be a way to help expand the length of human life, but it would cost the lives of clones who were failures in the experiment. In this way, Kant would agree that bettering all of humanity in exchange for a small group of less fortunate people is justified. Somewhat closer to agreeing with Aristotle than Kant, Sartre would say the act of cloning a human being is an act of free will. Therefore, if an individual decided to go forward in this act, they would be correct because each situation is unique. According to Sartre, owever, the individual is involved in this action is, in fact, responsible and would receive the consequences that come about in the particular act. Therefore, Sartre would come to a consensus that it is ethical to clone humans, but the consequences of doing so are upon those who are apart of the act. After taking into account many of the alternatives and situations of cloning, I would not support human cloning. The effects from all of the harms that are unknown outweigh all of the good that can come from the research of cloning. In addition, I agree with Aristotle that ou must not use bad means to reach a good end. Therefore, seeing that cloning human is both degrading to the clone and to humanity, I believe that cloning involves too much unknown information that we would need in order to even consider it. However, if scientists had enough information to be able to clone a human without a shadow of a doubt, then it might be more ethical to clone. But, the social glitch would still be present; clones would be seen as inferior to naturally reproduced humans. Therefore, I do not support the legalization of cloning or any practices thereof. My solution bends more towards the objective part of the spectrum. I think that if humans could be cloned without the risk of death or intentional killing of clones for organ transplants it would be more acceptable to practice it. But, the clone’s social status could not change as easily as the latter. Universally, therefore, cloning should be banned in order to preserve the natural functions which we were made to perform as human beings. A general rule for cloning humans is â€Å"do not clone unless there are no negative consequences as a result of performing the act. † How to cite Philosophy: The Ethics of Human Cloning, Essay examples

Supermarket Retail Industry of Australia-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the new business in the supermarket retail Industry of Australia. Answer: Introduction: This is the report that discusses about the new business in the supermarket retail industry of Australia. The new business is a supermarket that needs to serve the Australians with its wide range of products. The first two stores of the company in Australia are to be located at Canberra. This is because it is the capital and provides a large market to the company. The main focus of the company is to sell the ready to eat products to the customers who are very busy in their life and do not have time to cook. Organization structure: Organization structure of the organization suggests that how the information flows in the organization and how the work is being coordinated by different layers of the employment. As far as the supermarket business is considered, it has been analysed that the supermarket is launching at a high scale businesses thus the organization structure would be little complex. Functional organization structure is the best suited approach that can be used for this supermarket (Jones Jones, 2010). This is because this is the structure that allows dividing the departments according to their functions. This is the simple structure that can be followed by the business in order to frame the hierarchy and the structure of the organization. External environment analysis: To analyse the external environment of the company, it is required to analyse certain factors of the industry. These factors are analysed by conducting the PESTLE analysis. Political factors: as far as the supermarket industry in Australia is concerned, it has been analysed that it is duopolistic in nature. Woolworth and Coles are the biggest players in the industry. Government has taken up many initiatives to supress their leadership and allowing the new players to enter the market. This helps the new business to enter the market by the support of the Australian government (Wild, Wild Han, 2014). Economic factors: Due to the economic downturn in the country, the spending power of the people in Australia is decreasing and thus affecting the businesses like supermarket. The people are also moving towards the small retail shop to save their money. This may affect the new business as it will be difficult to penetrate the market at first with such a condition. Social factors: as far as the social factors are considered, it has been identified that needs of the customers are changing daily (Grant, 2016).As the customers are not brand loyal in the case of supermarket industry, the company can only attract them by offering different discounts. Technological factors: technology is changing now and then. The new inventions in the technological sector allow the companies in the supermarket industry to ease down their processes. The latest technology that is very common to be used by the supermarkets these days is RFID technology (Dwivedi, Merrilees, Miller Herington, 2012). Legal factors: the basic legal requirements for the retail sector are the taxation policies and the employee management regulations (Teece, 2010). The quality of the food available in the retail store is also needs to be in accordance with the food regulatory standards and should be licensed as well. Environmental factors: As far as the environment concern of the retail supermarket industry is considered, it has been analysed that this industry should use environment friendly processes in their business so that they do not harm the environment at larger scale (Kumar, 2008). 3Rs of environment can be used to save the environment such as reuse, recycle and reduce. The sustainable practices of the organization includes, using good quality food, being ethical in their practices, using less sound machineries etc. Internal analysis: PORTERs 5 forces: It is the analysis that helps in understanding the industry from inside. This is because it discusses about the factors such as competition, bargaining power of buyers and suppliers, new entrants and substitutes (Vella, Gountas Walker, 2009). This aloes the new business to make their strategies accordingly: Threat of rivalry: HIGH As discussed that the Australian supermarket industry is under the leadership of two big players that are Woolworth and Coles, thus the new companies may face high competition from these two companies. Even the new international companies such as Aldi are also giving tough competition to the local brands. Threat of new entrants: LOW Retail supermarket industry is the industry that requires big amount of capital to enter. Thus, this becomes the large obstacle for the companies to enter this industry. This suggests that the competition from the new entrants is very low for the companies in the retail industry (Robbins, Judge Campbell, 2010). Threat of substitute: HIGH The companies in supermarket industry get indirect competition from the small retailer and thus they act as the substitute for the supermarket. The small retail stores are also providing wide variety of the products to the customers and thus it is very important for the supermarket to attract the customers with new offers and deals. Bargaining power of suppliers: MODERATE As far as the bargaining power of the suppliers is considered, it has been analysed that it is moderate in nature. For the companies like Woolworth and Coles, the bargaining power of supplier in low because the suppliers have very less options to sell their products and Woolworth and Coles are the biggest players who buy from all the suppliers (Freeman, 2010). But, for the new companies it can be moderate or high because the suppliers have the option of Woolworth and Coles with them so they may bargain for the prices with the companies. Bargaining power of buyers: HIGH The Government of Australia has removed the barriers for the entry for new companies in the supermarket industry. So, the competition has increased and thus the price flexibility at the same time increases. There is one more reason for the high bargaining power of the buyers is the availability of substitutes and the low switching cost (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). Risk analysis: When any new business is introduced in the market, it has to face many risks. Some risks are related to market and some are reacted to the company itself. Following are some of the risk that can be faced by the company entering the industry of retail sector in Australia: Market risk Operational risk Causes: As the industry of retail sector is saturated in Australia thus it generates and develops the market risk for the new company. This is because most of the share of this industry or the market is covered by the big players like Woolworth and Coles Mitigation: Using penetration pricing strategy to enter and penetrate into the market. Serving the customers with fewer products in large volume. Causes: Sourcing the products and distributing the same requires high cost of the company. Any carelessness by the distributors or the suppliers may affect the business of the company and incurred a large amount of cost. Mitigation: Forecasting should be used by market analysis to know about the demand. Sourcing the similar products from different countries so that nay calamity at one county cannot stop the business. political risk Financial risk Causes: the causes of political risks are the policies that are imposed by the government of Australia. The subsidies and the 10% GST on the tax results in unstable political environment for the industry. Export taxes may raise the concern that needs to be considered by the company. Mitigation: It is required to maintain the good relationship with the other countries so that there would be no issues at the time of exporting (Wheelen Hunger, 2011). Paying taxes at the right time is required so that the government could not take any legal action. Causes: the major cause of financial risks for the company is the risk of interest rate fluctuations and risk related to overseas countries. Mitigation: Entering into the legal contract with the other countries helps in reducing the financial risks. Practices to enhance organizational performance: The following practices can be used by the business to enhance its performance: Lean production: It is the technique that can helps in reducing the cost of production by eliminating the activities that are not adding nay value to the products process or the products. JIT technique: It is the technique that helps in enhancing the prices of distribution and inventory. Just in Tim technique suggests that the products should be ordered only when they are required so that inventory does not need to be managed. Effective sales staff: In case of products companies, the sales staffs play a major role in the business performance. Effective and efficient sales staff helps in selling the products effectively. Most important organization functions: The most important functions of a supermarket business are marketing and sales, retail, production and manufacturing. Marketing and sales: t is the function that allows the organization to make the people aware of the products and the brand as well as to make actual sale of the products. Manufacturing and production: Most of the products need to be manufactured or acquired from different sources. Retail: It is the most important function of the supermarket. This allows the company to sell the products of different brands to the customers. The supermarket acts as the mediator between the company and the customers. Conclusion: It has been concluded from the report that to enter the industry of retail in Australia, it is required to have a great knowledge about the market. This is because it is the most competitive and started industry and thus the new company has to make many efforts in establishing its business in the market. Though, the Australian government is supporting the new business in Australia but reaching the position of Woolworth and Coles is still very tough. References: Dwivedi, A., Merrilees, B., Miller, D., Herington, C. (2012). Brand, value and relationship equities and loyalty-intentions in the Australian supermarket industry.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,19(5), 526-536. Freeman, R. E. (2010).Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Cambridge university press. Grant, R. M. (2016).Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014).Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Jones, G. R., Jones, G. R. (2010). Organizational theory, design, and change. Khatri, Y., Collins, R. (2007). Impact and status of HACCP in the Australian meat industry.British Food Journal,109(5), 343-354. Kumar, S. (2008). A study of the supermarket industry and its growing logistics capabilities.International Journal of Retail Distribution Management,36(3), 192-211. Robbins, S. P., Judge, T., Campbell, T. T. (2010).Organizational behaviour. Financial Times Prentice Hall. Teece, D. J. (2010). Business models, business strategy and innovation.Long range planning,43(2), 172-194. Vella, P. J., Gountas, J., Walker, R. (2009). Employee perspectives of service quality in the supermarket sector.Journal of Services marketing,23(6), 407-421. Wheelen, T. L., Hunger, J. D. (2011).Concepts in strategic management and business policy. Pearson Education India. Wild, J. J., Wild, K. L., Han, J. C. (2014).International business. Pearson Education Limited